Anti-Money Laundering in the Digital Economy: Institutional, Financial, and Educational Channels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2024.07.03(4)Keywords:
anti-money laundering, institutional channel, investment channel, tax channel, educational channel, Saati hierarchy analysis method, forecast integral indicatorAbstract
This paper aims to address the practical challenge of enhancing the effectiveness of anti-money laundering systems within the context of the digital economy. Specifically, it examines how institutional, financial, and educational channels can be optimised to combat illicit financial activities. This research responds to the growing need for a comprehensive anti-money laundering framework that can adapt to the evolving dynamics of the digital economy, where financial crimes are becoming increasingly sophisticated. A methodological framework is proposed to assess and forecast the effectiveness of these channels, employing the principal component method and Saaty hierarchy analysis. The study incorporates both linear and nonlinear regression models to provide medium-term forecasts for the channels' characteristics and their contribution to anti-money laundering effectiveness. An integral indicator is developed to quantify the impact of these channels in combating illicit financial activities. Historical data are utilised to project trends up to 2025, revealing the expected influence of institutional, financial (investment), and educational channels on the anti-money laundering system. The results indicate that, without targeted interventions, the effectiveness of institutional and financial channels gradually decreases, whereas the educational channel maintains a positive trajectory. This analysis underscores the importance of strengthening institutional frameworks and financial oversight to ensure the sustainability of anti-money laundering measures in the digital economy.
Downloads
References
Bahrin, N. L., Yusuf, S. N. S., Muhammad, K., & Ghani, E. K. (2022). Determinants of Anti-Money Laundering Program Effectiveness among Banks. International Journal of Management and Sustainability, 11(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.18488/11.v11i1.2939.
Juntunen, J., & Teittinen, H. (2023). Accountability in anti-money laundering – findings from the banking sector in Finland. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 26(2), 388–400. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-12-2021-0140.
Premti, A., Jafarinejad, M., & Balani, H. (2021). The Impact of the Fourth Anti-Money Laundering Directive on the Valuation of EU Banks. Research in International Business and Finance, 57(3), 101397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101397.
Vandezande, N. (2017). Virtual currencies under EU anti-money laundering law. Computer Law & Security Review, 33(3), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2017.03.011.
Haffke, L., Fromberger, M. & Zimmermann, P. (2020). Cryptocurrencies and anti-money laundering: the shortcomings of the fifth anti-money laundering Directive (EU) and how to address them. Journal of Banking Regulations, 21, 125–138. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-019-00101-4.
Campbell-Verduyn, M. (2018). Bitcoin, crypto-coins, and global anti-money laundering governance. Crime Law Soc Change, 69, 283–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9756-5.
Mbiyavanga, S. (2023). Cryptolaundering: anti-money laundering regulation of virtual currency exchanges. Journal of Anti-Corruption Law, 3. https://doi.org/10.14426/jacl.v3i.1468.
Wronka, C. (2022). Anti-money laundering regimes: a comparison between Germany, Switzerland and the UK with a focus on the crypto business. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 25(3), 656–670. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-06-2021-0060.
Climent, R. C., Haftor, D. M., & Staniewski, M. W. (2024). AI-enabled business models for competitive advantage. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 9(3), 100532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100532.
Nguyen, T.-L., Infante-Moro, A., & Infante-Moro, J. C. (2024). Generation Z’s followers on hotel social networking sites: Motivational factors from a theory of planned behavior approach [Seguidores de la generación Z en los sitios de redes sociales del hotel: Factores motivacionales desde el enfoque de la teoría del comportamiento planificado]. RISTI - Revista Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao, 2024(E66), 340–354.
Infante-Moro, J. C., Infante-Moro, A., Garrido, Y. C., & Segura, R. I. (2023). Indicators to measure competence “2.3. Engaging with citizens through digital technologies” of the DigComp model in the context of active aging. In 2023 XIII International Conference on Virtual Campus (JICV) (pp. 1-4). Porto, Portugal. https://doi.org/10.1109/JICV59748.2023.10565636.
Zimbroff, A. (2023). The future of extension programming postpandemic: The need for diverse approaches. The Journal of Extension, 61(2), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.61.02.06.
Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2024). The role of country’s green brand and digitalization in enhancing environmental, social, and governance performance. Economics and Environment, 87(4), Article 613. https://doi.org/10.34659/eis.2023.87.4.613.
Kwilinski, A. (2024). Understanding the nonlinear effect of digital technology development on CO2 reduction. Sustainable Development, 32(5), 5797–5811. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2964.
Pavlidis, G. (2023). Deploying artificial intelligence for anti-money laundering and asset recovery: the dawn of a new era. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 26(7), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-03-2023-0050.
Chen, Y., Xu, S., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). China’s digital economy development: Incentives and challenges. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(2), 518–538. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.18018.
Ayala-Mora, J., Infante-Moro, A., & Infante-Moro, J. C. (2023). Electronic administration in the Council of the Judiciary of Ecuador [La administración electrónica en el Consejo de la Judicatura de Ecuador]. RISTI - Revista Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao, 2023(E60), 511–523.
Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). The coupling and coordination degree of digital business and digital governance in the context of sustainable development. Information, 14(12), Article 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14120651.
Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). Environmental sustainability within attaining sustainable development goals: The role of digitalization and the transport sector. Sustainability, 15(14), Article 11282. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411282.
Kwilinski, A., Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2024). Digital public services: Catalysts for healthcare efficiency. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(3), Article 100319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100319.
Kulish, A., Myrhorod-Karpova, V., Kiselyova, E., Kysil, L., & Isaieva, N. (2024). Efficiency of labour duties performance by civil servants: world experience and prospects in Ukraine. Revista de internet, Derecho y Politica, 40. https://doi.org/10.7238/idp.v0i40.420870.
Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). The Impact of Digital Business on Energy Efficiency in EU Countries. Information, 14(9), 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/info14090480.
Wang, Z., Lin, S., Chen, Y., Lyulyov, O., & Pimonenko, T. (2023). Digitalization effect on business performance: role of business model innovation. Sustainability, 15(11), 9020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15119020.
Kwilinski, A., Trushkina, N., Birca, I., & Shkrygun, Y. (2023). Organizational and economic mechanism of customer relationship management under the era of digital transformations. E3S Web of Conferences, 456, Article 05002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345605002.
Kuzmenko, O., Bilan, Y., Bondarenko, E., Gavurova, B., & Yarovenko, H. (2023). Dynamic stability of the financial monitoring system: Intellectual analysis. PLoS ONE, 18(1). Article e0276533 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276533.
Dobrovolska, O., Marhasova, V., Momot, O., Borysova, L., Kozii, N., & Chyzhyshyn, O. (2021). Evolution and current state of money circulation in Ukraine and the world. Estudios De Economia Aplicada, 39(5) https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i5.5042.
Eyvazov, E., Balabeyova, N., Aslanova, M., Hajiyeva, A., & Muradova, K (2022). The Role of Innovative Determinants in Ensuring the Economic Security of the State. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 3, 149–158. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.3-13.
Tiutiunyk, I., Cieśliński, W., Zolkover, A., & Vasa, L. (2022). Foreign direct investment and shadow economy: One-way effect or multiple-way causality? Journal of International Studies, 15(4), 196–212. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-4/12.
Perez, M. F., Brada J. C. & Drabek, Z. (2012). Illicit money flows as motives for FDI. Journal of Comparative Economics, 40(1), 108–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2011.03.007.
Turksen, U., Vozza, D., Kreissl, R., & Rasmouki, F. (2023). Tax Crimes and Enforcement in the European Union. Solutions for Law, Policy, and Practice, 178, 14–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192862341.003.0002.
Kuzmenko, O., Cyburt, A., Yarovenko, H., Yersh, V., & Humenna, Y. (2021). Modelling of "information bubbles" in the global information space. Journal of International Studies, 14(4), 270–285. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2021/14-4/18.
Infante-Moro, A., Infante-Moro, J. C., & Gallardo-Pérez, J. (2022). Key factors to raise cybersecurity awareness among employees [Factores claves para concienciar la ciberseguridad en los empleados]. Revista de Pensamiento Estratégico y Seguridad CISDE, 7(1), 69–79.
Bondarenko, O. & Utkina, M. (2024). Martial law and smuggling of goods: the search for the optimal model of legal liability. Journal of Financial Crime, 31(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2023-0014.
Khan, A. A., Laghari, A. A., Shaikh, Z. A., Dacko-Pikiewicz, Z., & Kot, S. (2022). Internet of Things (IoT) security with blockchain technology: A state-of-the-art review. IEEE Access, 10, 122679–122695. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3223370.
Kwilinski, A. (2019). Implementation of blockchain technology in accounting sphere. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 23(SI2), 1–6.
Kwilinski, A. (2023). E-commerce and sustainable development in the European Union: A comprehensive analysis of SDG2, SDG12, and SDG13. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 11(3), 87–107. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL11_NO3_5.
Leal Filho, W., Kovaleva, M., Tsani, S., Țîrcă, D.-M., Shiel, C., Dinis, M. A. P., Nicolau, M., Sima, M., Fritzen, B., Salvia, A. L., Minhas, A., Kozlova, V., Doni, F., Spiteri, J., Gupta, T., Wakunuma, K., Sharma, M., Barbir, J., Shulla, K., Bhandari, M. P., & Tripathi, S. (2022). Exploring the impact of public governance on sustainable development: Evidence from China. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25, 14177–14198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02656-1.
Kwilinski, A. (2023). The Relationship between Sustainable Development and Digital Transformation: Bibliometric Analysis. Virtual Economics, 6(3), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2023.06.03(4).
Lyulyov, O., Chygryn, O., Pimonenko, T., Zimbroff, A., Makiela, Z., & Kwilinski, A. (2024). Green competitiveness forecasting as an instrument for sustainable business transformation. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 12(2), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL12_NO2_1.
Alsayegh, M.F., Ditta, A., Mahmood, Z., Kouser, R. (2023). The Role of Sustainability Reporting and Governance in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals: An International Investigation. Sustainability, 15, Article 3531. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043531.
Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., Chen, Y., Kwilinski, A., & Us, Y. (2024). Countries’ green brands within the context of sustainable development goals. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(3), Article 100509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100509.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (n.d.). Money Laundering. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/money-laundering/overview.html
Juhaszova, Z., Boyko, A., Bozhenko, V., Mynenko, S., Buriak, A., & Vynnychenko, N. (2023). An Innovative Approach to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Combating Money Laundering. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 14(2), 227–235. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2023.2-21.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (n.d.). Sustainable Development Goals: Goal 16. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal16
Dobrowolski, Z., & Sułkowski, Ł. (2020). Implementing a sustainable model for anti-money laundering in the United Nations Development Goals. Sustainability, 12(1), Article 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010244.
Kwilinski, A., Merritt, P., & Wróblewski, Ł. (2024). Advancing Sustainable Development Goals through Digital Culture: A Global Research Overview. Cultural Management: Science and Education, 8(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.30819/cmse.8-1.04.
Chen, Y., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., & Kwilinski, A. (2024). Green development of the country: Role of macroeconomic stability. Energy & Environment, 35(5), 2273–2295. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X231151679.
Thomran, M., & Alshammari, A. A. (2023). Knowledge Economy, Innovation and the Universities’ Education Role in Saudi Arabia: A Study of Academicians’ Perspectives at the University of Hail. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 14(3), 163–175. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2023.3-15.
Kwilinski, A., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., & Pudryk, D. (2024). Competitiveness of higher education systems: Exploring the role of migration flow. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(2), Article 2839. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i2.2839.
Yu, Y., Tingting, Y., Ruoxi, L., & Xinxin, W. (2023). Examining the Role of Education Spending on China’s Regional Economy from the Standpoints of Human and Intellectual Capital. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 14(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2023.2-12.
Solodovnikov S., Bondarenko, A., & Zhytar, M. (2024). Image of Higher Education Institutions: Main Components and Determinants. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 15(2), 162–176. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2024.2-12.
Infante-Moro, A., Infante-Moro, J. C., Gallardo-Pérez, J., & Martínez-López, F. J. (2022). Key factors in the implementation of e-proctoring in the Spanish university system. Sustainability, 14(13), Article 8112. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138112.
Rajiani, I., & Kot, S. (2020). Javanese Indonesia: Human resource management issues in a uniquely collectivist culture. Cultural Management: Science and Education, 4(2), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.30819/cmse.4-2.01.
Lis, M. (2021). Shaping relations between higher education institutions and the enterprise world in the age of digital transformation. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 23(1), 294–314. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2021.23.1.18.
Kuzmenko, O., Kubálek, J., Bozhenko, V., Kushneryov, O., & Vida, I. (2021). An approach to managing innovation to protect financial sector against cybercrime. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 24 (2), 276–291. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2021.24.2.17.
Zolkover, A., Tiutiunyk, I., Babenko, V., Melnychuk, M., Ivanchenkova, L., & Lagodiienko, N. (2022). The Quality of Tax Administration, Macroeconomic Stability and Economic Growth: Assessment and Interaction. Review of Economics and Finance, 20, 654–661. https://doi.org/10.55365/1923.X2022.20.76.
Khalid, B., & Kot, M. (2021). The impact of accounting information systems on performance management in the banking sector. IBIMA Business Review, 2021, Article 578902. https://doi.org/10.5171/2021.578902.
Zadorozhnyi, Z.-M., Muravskyi, M., Humenna-Derij, M., & Zarudna, N (2022). Innovative Accounting and Audit of the Metaverse Resources. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 4, 10-19. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.4-02.
Moskalenko, B., Lyulyov, O., Pimonenko, T., & Kobushko, I. (2022). Institutions’ Effect on a Country’s Investment Attractiveness within Sustainable Development. Virtual Economics, 5(4), 50–64.
State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine. (n.d.). Statistics and infographics. https://fiu.gov.ua/pages/dijalnist/funkcional/statistika-tainfografika.
World Bank. (n.d.). Worldwide Governance Indicators. http://info.worldbank.org/governance/WGI.
World Bank. (n.d.). Doing Business initiative. https://archive.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.