The Poles’ Perception of the European Integration before the Accession Referendum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2020.03.01(4)Keywords:
Poland, European Union, European Integration, Polexit, Accession ReferendumAbstract
The announcements of Poland leaving the European Union structures were met with disapproval by the majority of the society. Why is the possible “Polexit” perceived negatively by nearly 90% of the Poles? Previously unpublished results of a public opinion survey carried out one month before the referendum, in which the Polish people supported accession to the European Union, are presented in the paper. The research focused on studying the reasons for positive and negative views regarding the possibility of including Poland in the European Union structures. The project’s objective was to obtain the data on the respondents’ attitude to the European integration in order to reveal the causes of their disapproval or enthusiasm. The results obtained in 2003 reflect the respondents’ expectations and fears regarding the upcoming change, at the same time revealing the level of their knowledge on the course and nature of integration processes. They are also a source of information about the social perception of opportunities and threats associated with accession, making it possible to compare them with the results of opinion surveys about the European Union carried out 15 years after the presented research project. Comparison with opinion polls on the European Union carried out fifteen years after the described research study shows that in 2018 positive feelings in Poland towards integration are equally well established.
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References
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Dalevska, N., Khobta, V., Kwilinski, A., & Kravchenko, S. (2019). A Model for Estimating Social and Economic Indicators of Sustainable Development. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(4), 1839-1860. http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.4(21)
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Kuzior, A., & Zozul’ak, J. (2019). Adaptation of the Idea of Phronesis in Contemporary Approach to Innovation. Management Systems in Production Engineering, 27(2), 84-87. http://doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2019-0014
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Lyashenko, V., & Pidorycheva, I. (2019). The formation of interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine and the European Union member states in the digital economy. Virtual Economics, 2(2), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2019.02.02(3)
Malendowski, W. (2010). Suwerenność państw w procesie integracji europejskiej [Sovereignty of states in the process of European integration]. Przegląd Politologiczny – [Political Review], 4, 7-20. (in Polish).
Mikhnevych, L., Marchenko, V. Hristov, P., & Kuzior, A. (2020). Conceptual Relationships Between Country Image and Economic Security. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 1, 285-293. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.1-24
Mnich, C. (2019, March). Is there Europeanization of physical activity promotion? – A neofunctional approach. Health Policy, 123(3), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.01.004
Ossowski, J.C. (2014). Wstąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej a stopa bezrobocia w Polsce [Poland's accession to the European Union and the unemployment rate in Poland]. Przestrzeń, Ekonomia, Społeczeństwo [Space, Economy, Society], 5(I), 83-106. (in Polish).
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Roguska, B. (2018). Polityka zagraniczna Polski – oceny i postulaty [Foreign Policy of Poland – assessments and postulates]. Komunikat z badań [Communication on the Studies], 56, 1-17. (in Polish).
Saez, Y., Mochon, A., Corona, L., & Isasi, P. (2019, September). Integration in the European electricity market: A machine learning-based convergence analysis for the Central Western Europe region. Energy Policy, 132, 549-566 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.004
Schnittker, J. (2019, June 21). Religion, social integration, and depression in Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey. Social Science & Medicine, Article 112376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112376
Sobczak, K. (2017). KE uruchamia art. 7 wobec Polski [The EC launches article 7 towards Poland]. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer. (in Polish).
Stalmach, P. (Ed.). (1908, November 7). Pismo poświęcone wiadomościom politycznym, nauce, przemysłowi i zabawie [Magazine dedicated to political news, science, industry and entertainment]. Gwiazdka Cieszyńska, 61(93), 400-444. (in Polish).
Stolarczyk, M. (2016). Główne przyczyny i przejawy kryzysów w Unii Europejskiej oraz ich implikacje dla dalszego procesu integracji europejskiej [The main causes and manifestations of crises in the European Union and their implications for the further process of European integration]. Roczniki Nauk Społecznych [Annals of Social Sciences], 8(44), 11-44. (in Polish).
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Zielińska-Głębocka, A. (2018). Basics of the economics of European integration. Gdańsk: University of Gdańsk.
Żukowski, M. (2010). Unijna strategia integracji społecznej [EU Social Inclusion Strategy]. Polityka Społeczna - [Social Policy], 9, 2-7. (in Polish).
Bernath, C., Deac, G., & Sensfuß, F. (2019, November). Influence of heat pumps on renewable electricity integration: Germany in a European context. Energy Strategy Reviews, 26, Article 100389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100389
Boglioni, M. (2019, December). European economic integration: Comparative advantages and free trade of the means of production. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 51, 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2018.10.003
Budnikowski, A. (2001). Globalizacja a integracja europejska (Globalisation and European Integration). Zeszyty Naukowe. Szkoła Główna Handlowa. Kolegium Gospodarki Światowej – [Scientific Papers. Warsaw School of Economics. College of World Economy], 10, 6-17. (in Polish).
Campos, N.F., Coricelli, F., & Moretti, L. (2019, May). Institutional integration and economic growth in Europe. Journal of Monetary Economics, 103, 88-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2018.08.001
Cieślik, A., Michałek, J.J., Mycielski, J. (2009). Prognoza skutków handlowych przystąpienia do Europejskiej Unii Monetarnej dla Polski przy użyciu uogólnionego modelu grawitacyjnego [Forecast of trade effects of accession to the European Monetary Union for Poland using a generalized gravitational model]. Bank i Kredyt - [Bank and Credit], 40(1), 69-88. (in Polish).
Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej. (2017). Komunikat z badań nr 50 z 2017 roku: Jakiej Unii chcą Polacy? [Communication from research No. 50 from 2017: What Union do Poles want?]. Warsaw: Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej. (in Polish).
Cutrini, E. (2019, September). Economic integration, structural change, and uneven development in the European Union. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 50, 102-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2019.06.007
Dalevska, N., Khobta, V., Kwilinski, A., & Kravchenko, S. (2019). A Model for Estimating Social and Economic Indicators of Sustainable Development. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(4), 1839-1860. http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.4(21)
Davydchyk, M., Mehlhausen, T., & Priesmeyer-Tkocz, W. (2018, March). The price of success, the benefit of setbacks: Alternative futures of EU-Ukraine relations. Futures, 97 35-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.06.004
Głowski, P., & Kvilinskyi, O. (Eds.). (2017). Economic Transformation in Ukraine: Comparative Analysis and European Experience. Warsaw: Consilium Sp. z o.o.
Grabowska, M. (2003). Polska ustawa o referendum ogólnokrajowym (referenda akcesyjne) [Polish Law on the Nation-wide Referendum (Accession Referendums)]. Studia Europejskie - [European Studies], 1, 95-116. (in Polish).
Greta, M. (2013). Euroregiony polskie w procesie integracji europejskiej oraz w przezwyciężaniu peryferyjności i dysproporcji regionalnych [Polish Euroregions in the process of European integration and in overcoming peripherality and regional disparities]. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. (in Polish).
IBRIS. (2018, June 12). Raport: Stosunek Polaków do Unii Europejskiej i „PolExit” [Report: Attitude of Poles towards European Union and “PolExit”]. Warsaw: Foundation of the Institute for Market and Social Research IBRIS. (in Polish).
Kharazishvili, Y., Grishnova, O., & Kamińska, B. (2019). Standards of living in Ukraine, Georgia, and Poland: Identification and Strategic Planning. Virtual Economics, 2(2), 7-36. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2019.02.02(1)
Kubin, T. (2013). Zarys przebiegu prezydencji Polski w Radzie Unii Europejskiej [Outline of the Polish presidency in the Council of the European Union (2011)]. In M. Kolczyński (Ed.), Obraz prezydencji Polski w Radzie Unii Europejskiej (2011) w wybranych tytułach prasy polskiej [Image of Polish presidency in the Council of the European Union (2011) in selected positions of Polish press] (pp. 44-62). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski. (in Polish).
Kuzior, A., & Zozul’ak, J. (2019). Adaptation of the Idea of Phronesis in Contemporary Approach to Innovation. Management Systems in Production Engineering, 27(2), 84-87. http://doi.org/10.1515/mspe-2019-0014
Kwilinski, A., Tkachenko, V., & Kuzior, A. (2019). Transparent Cognitive Technologies to Ensure Sustainable Society Development. Journal of Security & Sustainability Issues, 9(2), 561–570. http://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.9.2(15)
Lyashenko, V., & Pidorycheva, I. (2019). The formation of interstate and cross-border scientific-educational and innovative spaces between Ukraine and the European Union member states in the digital economy. Virtual Economics, 2(2), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2019.02.02(3)
Malendowski, W. (2010). Suwerenność państw w procesie integracji europejskiej [Sovereignty of states in the process of European integration]. Przegląd Politologiczny – [Political Review], 4, 7-20. (in Polish).
Mikhnevych, L., Marchenko, V. Hristov, P., & Kuzior, A. (2020). Conceptual Relationships Between Country Image and Economic Security. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 1, 285-293. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.1-24
Mnich, C. (2019, March). Is there Europeanization of physical activity promotion? – A neofunctional approach. Health Policy, 123(3), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.01.004
Ossowski, J.C. (2014). Wstąpienie Polski do Unii Europejskiej a stopa bezrobocia w Polsce [Poland's accession to the European Union and the unemployment rate in Poland]. Przestrzeń, Ekonomia, Społeczeństwo [Space, Economy, Society], 5(I), 83-106. (in Polish).
Puzio-Wacławik, B. (2010). Społeczno-ekonomiczne skutki migracji Polaków do Unii Europejskiej (Socio-economic consequences of migration of Poles to the European Union). Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego [Scientific Papers of the Polish Economic Society], 8, 179-193. (in Polish).
Roguska, B. (2018). Polityka zagraniczna Polski – oceny i postulaty [Foreign Policy of Poland – assessments and postulates]. Komunikat z badań [Communication on the Studies], 56, 1-17. (in Polish).
Saez, Y., Mochon, A., Corona, L., & Isasi, P. (2019, September). Integration in the European electricity market: A machine learning-based convergence analysis for the Central Western Europe region. Energy Policy, 132, 549-566 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.06.004
Schnittker, J. (2019, June 21). Religion, social integration, and depression in Europe: Evidence from the European Social Survey. Social Science & Medicine, Article 112376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112376
Sobczak, K. (2017). KE uruchamia art. 7 wobec Polski [The EC launches article 7 towards Poland]. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer. (in Polish).
Stalmach, P. (Ed.). (1908, November 7). Pismo poświęcone wiadomościom politycznym, nauce, przemysłowi i zabawie [Magazine dedicated to political news, science, industry and entertainment]. Gwiazdka Cieszyńska, 61(93), 400-444. (in Polish).
Stolarczyk, M. (2016). Główne przyczyny i przejawy kryzysów w Unii Europejskiej oraz ich implikacje dla dalszego procesu integracji europejskiej [The main causes and manifestations of crises in the European Union and their implications for the further process of European integration]. Roczniki Nauk Społecznych [Annals of Social Sciences], 8(44), 11-44. (in Polish).
Świstak, M. (2016) . Fundusze Unii Europejskiej w Polsce: dekada doświadczeń [European Union Funds in Poland: A Decade of Experience]. Przegląd Europejski [European Review], 3(41), 48-75. (in Polish).
Wilkin, J. (Ed.). (2018). Raport Środowiska Naukowego PAN (Polskiej Akademii Nauk) dotyczący integracji europejskiej i miejsca Polski w tym procesie [Report of the Scientific Environment of the Polish Academy of Sciences concerning the European integration and the place of Poland in this process]. Warszawa: PAN. (in Polish).
Witkowska, M., Kużelewska, E., Potorski, R., Czub, J., Kucheryavaya, E., & Dłusk, S. (2017). Podmioty integracji europejskiej z perspektywy reformowania Unii Europejskiej [Entities of European integration from the perspective of reforming the European Union]. Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy Elipsa. (in Polish).
Zielińska-Głębocka, A. (2018). Basics of the economics of European integration. Gdańsk: University of Gdańsk.
Żukowski, M. (2010). Unijna strategia integracji społecznej [EU Social Inclusion Strategy]. Polityka Społeczna - [Social Policy], 9, 2-7. (in Polish).
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Published
2020-01-27
How to Cite
Krawczyk, D. (2020). The Poles’ Perception of the European Integration before the Accession Referendum. Virtual Economics, 3(1), 74–94. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2020.03.01(4)
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