Digital Distractions in the Workplace: Exploring Cyberloafing Impact on Employee Behaviour and Innovation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2023.06.04(1)

Keywords:

cyberloafing; cyberslacking; innovative work behaviour; workplace internet leisure browsing; employee behaviour.

Abstract

Cyberloafing is a new phenomenon. As a result of extensive internet and technology use in the workplace throughout the digital era, the practice of cyberloafing has emerged. With the advent of communication technologies, there is a continuous usage of the internet, mobile devices, and computer devices at the workplace. The online activities have been increasing every day. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to gather information about cyberloafing and its effects on employee behaviour. The purpose of this study is to know in which type of cyberloafing activities employees are engaged and how these cyberloafing activities impact employee behavioural factors (such as recovery, development, addiction and deviance) and innovative work behaviour. For this purpose, data were collected from public sector employees and private sector employees from the educational as well as healthcare sectors residing in Haryana. The data were collected from 150 respondents through questionnaires and analysed by using structural equational modelling SEM-PLS. The study is based on the concept considering cyberloafing as a multidimensional construct that includes cyberloafing activities (social, informational, virtual and leisure) and cyberloafing behaviour (recovery, development, deviance and addiction). The findings of the study indicate that cyberloafing activities have a significant positive impact on employee innovative work behaviour. The present research findings are beneficial for organisations to be aware of cyberloafing activities in which employees are engaged and cyberloafing behaviour which companies are interested to know. This study has important implications for organisations looking to adapt to new technologies and efficiently control cyberloafing behaviours in the digital world.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Van Doorn, O. N. (2011). Cyberloafing: A multi-dimensional construct placed in a theoretical framework. In Master of Science in Innovation Management (Issue August).

Ramoorthy, N., Flood, J., Slattery, T. F., & Sardessai, R. (2005). The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 19, 959-971.

Khan, M. J., Aslam, N. R., & Naveed, M. (2012). Leadership styles as predictors of innovative work behavior. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 10(1), 17-22.

Jung, D. I., Chow, C., & Wu, A. (2003). The role of transformational leadership in enhancing organizational innovation: Hypotheses and some preliminary findings. The Leadership Quarterly, 14, 525-544.

Tierney, P., Farmer, S. M., & Graen, G. B. (1999). An examination of leadership and employee creativity: The relevance of traits and relationships. Personnel Psychology, 52, 591-620.

Henle, C. A., Kohut, G., & Booth, R. (2009). Designing electronic use policies to enhance employee perceptions of fairness and to reduce cyberloafing: An empirical test of justice theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 902-910.

De Lara, P. Z. M., Tacoronte, D. V., & Ding, J. M. T. (2006). Do current anti-cyberloafing disciplinary practices have a replica in research findings? A study of the effects of coercive strategies on workplace internet misuse. Internet Research, 16(4), 450-467.

Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing, and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 675-694.

Blanchard, A., & Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1067-1084.

Derin, N., & Gökçe, S. G. (2016). Are cyberloafers also innovators? A study on the relationship between cyberloafing and innovative work behavior. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 694-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.070

Li, S., & Chung, T. (2006). Internet function and Internet addictive behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 22, 1067-1071.

Esmeray, A. (2015). Cyberloafing and innovative work behavior among banking sector employees. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 3(10), 61-71.

Sao, R., Chandak, S., Patel, B., & Bhadade, P. (2020). Cyberloafing: Effects on employee job performance and behavior. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(5), 1509-1515. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.e4832.018520

Blanchard, A., & Henle, C. A. (2008). Correlates of different forms of cyberloafing: The role of norms and external locus of control. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1067-1084.

Bridegan, G. L. (2008). Take a break from WMDs. ISHN, 42(2), 51.

Lim, V. K. G. (2002). The IT way of loafing on the job: Cyberloafing, neutralizing, and organizational justice. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(5), 675-694.

Anandarajan, B., & Simmers, C. A. (2005). Developing human capital through personal web use in the workplace: Mapping employee perceptions. Communication of the Information System Association for Information System, 45(1), 60-63.

Marron, K. (2000, January 20). Attack of the cyberslackers. The Globe and Mail, p. T5.

Vitak, J., Crouse, J., & LaRose, R. (2011). Personal Internet use at work: Understanding cyberslacking. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1751-1759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.03.002

Davis, R. A., Flett, G. L., & Besser, A. (2002). Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic internet use: Implications for pre-employment screening. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 5(4), 331-345. doi:10.1089/109493102760275581

Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48, 402-415.

Beri, N. Dr., & Anand, S. (2020). Consequences of cyberloafing – A literature review. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(6), 434–440.

Belanger, F., & van Slyke, C. (2002). Abuse or learning? Communications of the ACM, 45, 64-65.

Oravec, J. (2002). Constructive approaches to Internet recreation to workplace. Communications of the ACM, 45(1), 60-63.

Baturay, M. H., & Toker, S. (2015). An investigation of the impact of demographics on cyberloafing from an educational setting angle. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 358-366.

Lim, V. K. G., & Teo, T. S. H. (2005). Prevalence, perceived seriousness, justification and regulation of cyberloafing in Singapore: An exploratory study. Information & Management, 42(8), 1081-1093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2004.12.002

Henle, C. A., Kohut, G., & Booth, R. (2009). Designing electronic use policies to enhance employee perceptions of fairness and to reduce cyberloafing: An empirical test of justice theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 902-910.

Cheng, L., Wenli, L., Zhai, Q., & Smyth, R. (2014). Understanding personal use of the internet at work: An integrated model of neutralization techniques and general deterrence theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 220-228.

Kalayci, E. (2010). The investigation of the relationship between cyberloafing and self-regulated learning strategies among undergraduate students. Ankara, Turkey: Hacettepe University.

Chen, D. J. Q., & Lim, V. K. G. (2011, August). Impact of cyberloafing on psychological engagement. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, San Antonio, TX.

Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness, and innovative work behavior. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317900167038

Appelbaum, S. H., Iaconi, G. D., & Matousek, A. (2007). Positive and negative deviant workplace behaviors: Causes, impacts, and solutions. Corporate Governance, 7(5), 586-598. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700710827176

Spreitzer, G. M., & Sonenshein, S. (2004). Toward the construct definition of positive deviance. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 828-847.

Turgut, H. (2014). Algılanan örgütsel desteğin işletme performansına etkisinde iç girişimciliğin aracılık rolü. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 29-62.

McGuirk, H., Lenihan, H., & Hart, M. (2015). Measuring the impact of innovative human capital on small firms’ propensity to innovate. Research Policy, 44(4), 965-976.

Turgut, E., & Begenirbaş, M. (2013). Çalışanların yenilikçi davranışları üzerinde sosyal sermaye ve yenilikçi iklimin rolü: Sağlık sektöründe bir araştırma. KHO Bilim Dergisi, 23(2), 101-124.

Amon, B., & Kolvereid, L. (2005). Organisational strategy, individual personality, and innovation behavior. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 13(1), 7-19.

Dhar, R. L. (2015). The effects of high-performance human resource practices on service innovative behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 67-75.

Kessel, M., Hannemann, W. H., & Kratzer, J. (2012). Innovative work behavior in healthcare: The benefit of operational guidelines in the treatment of rare diseases. Health Policy, 105, 146-153.

Yunus, O. M., Bustaman, H. A., Wan, M. R., & Wan, F. A. (2014). Conducive business environment: Local government innovative work behavior. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 214-220.

Lim, V. K. G., & Chen, D. J. Q. (2012). Cyberloafing at the workplace: Gain or drain on work? Behaviour & Information Technology, 31(4), 343-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290903353054

Weatherbee, T. G. (2010). Counterproductive use of technology at work: Information & communications technologies and cyber deviancy. Human Resource Management Review, 20(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.03.012

Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(4), 332-344.

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): Using R. Springer.

Hwang, H., Malhotra, N. K., Kim, Y., Tomiuk, M. A., & Hong, S. (2010). A comparative study on parameter recovery of three approaches to structural equation modeling. Journal of Marketing Research, 47(Aug), 699-712.

Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-151.

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.

Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. R. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). Routledge.

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.

Rahman, Z., Shah, F. A., & Zahir, S. (2020). Minor and Serious Cyber-Loafing Impact on Innovative Behavior. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 14.

Palladan, A. A. (2018). Moderating effects of cyberloafing activity on innovative work behaviour and lecturers job performance. International Journal of Advanced Studies in Social Science & Innovation, 2(1), 28-49.

Reinartz, W., Haenlein, M., & Henseler, J. (2009). An empirical comparison of the efficacy of covariance-based and variance-based SEM. International Journal of research in Marketing, 26(4), 332-344.

Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Pieper, T. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2012). The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in strategic management research: a review of past practices and recommendations for future applications. Long range planning, 45(5-6), 320-340.

Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Mitchell, R., & Gudergan, S. P. (2020). Partial least squares structural equation modeling in HRM research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(12), 1617-1643.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-31

How to Cite

Divya, & Narwal, M. (2023). Digital Distractions in the Workplace: Exploring Cyberloafing Impact on Employee Behaviour and Innovation. Virtual Economics, 6(4), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.34021/ve.2023.06.04(1)

Issue

Section

Articles